Domestic milk demand is soaring as household spending power increases in the country of 90 million people, boosting profits for dairy firms that are expanding quickly, but can meet only a third of the milk needs.
That's leaving a void that giants like New Zealand's Fonterra and Canada's Saputo could fill with new products and lower prices once the US-led Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) comes into play, eliminating tariffs among 12 markets worth 40 per cent of the global economy, and nearly three-fourths of Vietnam's dairy imports.

It is the flip-side of the communist country's aggressive drive to outpace Southeast Asia in getting preferential access to the world's biggest markets for its swelling electronics, textiles, seafood and commodities output.
Trade liberalisation would strengthen a vibrant economy set to grow to $200 billion this year, but foreign competition from the TPP could deal a heavy blow to local firms that lack capital and expertise and are unfit to join supply chains. According to private estimates TPP would add 15 per cent to Vietnam's economy up to 2025, compared to less than 2.2 per cent for Malaysia and Singapore.
That would further burnish an economy that has grown at a rapid 5 percent-plus clip over the past 15 years.
Vietnamese diary firms, bracing for stiffer competition, are seeking to expand overseas and utilise non-TPP trade deals, or find niche markets at home to navigate the pitfalls of the biggest trade pact in a generation.

"TPP is definitely a challenge, from big investors entering the market, tariffs cuts ... but we've been preparing for five years," Hoang Cong Trang, vice president of unlisted dairy outfit TH Group, told Reuters.
On top of ploughing US$1.2 billion into domestic projects, TH recently announced US$2.7 billion of investment into cow farms, milk plants and distribution channels in Russia, which has a dairy shortage and is squeezed by European Union sanctions over its military intervention in Ukraine.
"The Vietnam market has much potential, and so too Russia," Trang added.
According to local VPBANK Securities, which cites Euromonitor, the Vietnam dairy industry was worth US$2.8 billion in 2013 and may have grown to US$4.1 billion this year.
TPP members New Zealand and the United States in 2014 exported a combined US$18.2 billion of dairy products globally and produced 115 million tonnes of raw milk, while Vietnam imported US$1.1 billion of dairy produce last year.

Vietnam's top listed company by capitalisation, Vinamilk is also looking abroad, though incrementally, with an initial US$30 million into the United States, New Zealand and Cambodia and US$3 million in Poland, aiming to eventually use it as a gateway to the EU, with which Hanoi has concluded a free-trade agreement.
Vinamilk's strong prospects have put it on foreign investors' radars and the government's recent decision to divest its 45 per cent stake sent the stock to an all-time high on speculation that second-biggest shareholder Fraser and Neave would snap up the state's holdings for US$4 billion.
Vinamilk's shares have risen about 60 per cent this year and the company's value has increased 10 times over the past decade to US$6.8 billion. Net profit last quarter rose 55 per cent from the same time in 2014 to US$95 million, while revenue overseas increased 44 per cent annually to US$264 million during January-September, compared with just 10 per cent at home.

Conglomerate Hoang Anh Gia Lai is keen to tap the diary demand at home and this year listed a US$1.1 billion agribusiness unit that's larger than its parent and predicts cows would deliver about half the group's 2015 revenue.
Smaller companies struggling with capital are also shifting strategy, to niche areas like fresh milk through cooperatives used successfully in New Zealand.
"Foreign companies face very high transportation and maintenance costs," said Tran Cong Chien, chairman of cooperative Mocchau Milk. "I can totally compete on fresh milk."
Those unable to evolve face a bleak future from TPP, not just in dairy, but multiple sectors across Vietnam's fast-growing but already heavily foreign-invested economy.